Introduction
The Payara, also referred to as the ‘Vampire Fish’, is an intriguing species known for its fierce demeanor and unique physical characteristics. The species’ scientific name, ‘Hydrolycus Scomberoides’, categorizes it within the Cynodontidae family.
Conservation Status
While not listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, the Payara’s population is believed to be decreasing, likely due to overfishing and habitat destruction. Conservation efforts for this species primarily focus on promoting sustainable fishing practices and protecting their native habitats.
Statistics
| Statistic | Average | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Length | 1.2 Meters | 0.9 – 1.5 Meters |
| Weight | 17 Kg | 10 – 25 Kg |
| Average Lifespan | 6-8 Years |
Distribution
Payaras are primarily found in the rivers and basins of South America, including the Amazon, Orinoco, and Parana Rivers. There is no noted migratory pattern for this species as it usually remains within the same water body throughout its lifespan.
Habitats
The Payara tends to inhabit freshwater environments such as rivers and basins as mentioned earlier. They prefer depths that offer plenty of cover from predators and can dwell both in colder, deep waters, and warmer, shallow areas depending on their food source.
When and Where to See
The best time to observe these fascinating creatures is during the summer months when they are most active. Dawn or dusk affords the best opportunity to spot them as they are most actively feeding during these periods.
Best Fishing Locations
Some of the best locations for fishing Payaras include:
- Amazon River, Brazil
- Orinoco River, Venezuela
- Parana River, Argentina
- São Francisco River, Brazil
- Tocantins River, Brazil
To find a Payara, remember that they inhabit areas with lots of cover.
How to Catch
Payaras are powerful fighters and catching them demands the use of heavy tackle. Lures that imitate native baitfish are most effective. Bottom fishing is also recommended as Payaras tend to hunt closer to the bottom.
Identification Guide
What sets the Payara apart from similar species is their two long, sharp fangs protruding from the lower jaw, reaching up to 15 cm in length. Other identifying characteristics include a silver-grey body, a deeply forked tail, and a small dorsal fin.
Culinary
While not a widely consumed species, the Payara can be cooked in a variety of ways like being grilled or fried. The fish has a delicate taste and a low-fat content, leading to a lighter flavor profile.
Additional Information
The Payara are primarily piscivorous, preying on other fish. Their elongated, intimidating teeth are used to impale their prey. Human activities such as damming rivers are a significant threat to their habitat.
References and Further Reading
For more information, consider exploring:
- Planet of the Vampire Fish – Jeremy Wade
- Incredible Creatures: Payara – (Brady Barr)
- FishBase: Payara - (Rainboth, 1996)
Each of these sources offer more comprehensive views on these captivating creatures.