Introduction
The Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) is a member of the Centrarchidae family, widely known for its distinct markings and coveted as a popular game fish. This sunfish is nicknamed “shellcracker” due to its habit of feeding on snails.
Conservation Status
The Redear Sunfish is currently listed as Least Concern on the conservation status. Despite frequent fishing for sport, it’s common throughout its range, and populations are healthy thanks to extensive conservation efforts, including habitat protection and propagation programs.
Statistics
| Length | Average: 24 cm Range: 20-30 cm |
| Weight | Average: 0.45 kg Range: 0.2-1 kg |
| Average Lifespan | 5-6 years |
| Other Stats | Max Age: 10 years Max Weight: 4.5 kg |
Distribution
The Redear Sunfish is native to the southeastern United States and has been introduced to many other locations throughout the country. It doesn’t migrate and remains year-round within its established habitats.
Habitats
Redear Sunfish prefer freshwater ponds, lakes, and reservoirs. They tend to like warm, quiet waters, particularly those with sand or gravel bottoms and aquatic vegetation. The depth range is generally shallow waters up to 12 ft deep, and the temperature range is from 12-30°C.
When and Where to See
They can be seen throughout the year, but they are most active during warm weather. As they are diurnal, they are most visible during the day.
Best Fishing Locations
Here is the top 10 list of places known for Redear Sunfish:
- Lake Havasu, Arizona
- San Joaquin River, California
- Cumberland River, Kentucky
- Black Warrior River, Alabama
- Mississippi River, Mississippi
- Apalachicola River, Florida
- Lake Okeechobee, Florida
- Green River, Kentucky
- Arkansas River, Arkansas
- Toledo Bend Reservoir, Texas/Louisiana
Look for Redear Sunfish near structures like fallen trees, rocks, and aquatic vegetation.
How to Catch
Redear Sunfish have a diverse diet but have a preference for snails and other small invertebrates. Anglers often use small lures, worms, or crickets. For techniques, consider bottom fishing since they are often found near the bottom. The best time to fish for Redear Sunfish is in the late spring, especially during their spawning season.
Identification Guide
They have a blunt head, olive color on the back transitioning into a blue body, and possess a narrow black “ear” surrounded by red on the gill cover. They do look similar to Bluegill Sunfish but can be distinguished by the spot behind its ears.
Culinary
Redear Sunfish offer a mild, sweet flavor, and light texture. They are great for pan-frying or grilling. Remember to verify local regulations about the limit you can catch before preparing your feast.
Additional Information
- Feeding Habits: Redear Sunfish, often feed on the bottom, consuming snails and other small invertebrates.
- Threats: Predators include larger fish and birds; humans affect their population through fishing and habitat alteration.
- Cultural Significance: The Redear Sunfish is popular among anglers, and record-breaking catches often make local news headlines.
References and Further Reading
For more information, see the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s guide and the Texas Parks & Wildlife Department Page.