Introduction
The Smooth Hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is a unique species of shark belonging to the Sphyrnidae family. This species is notable for its distinctive ‘hammer-like’ head shape, which gives it its name and sets it apart from most other species of shark.
Conservation Status
The Smooth Hammerhead is currently categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. This status means the species may become endangered if threats to its survival continue. Conservation efforts are actively ongoing, with significant emphasis on monitoring and regulating fishing activities, as well as initiatives aimed at habitat preservation and public education.
Statistics
| Statistic | Average | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Length | 8.2 ft | 13.1 – 20 ft |
| Weight | 400 lbs | 200 – 900 lbs |
| Lifespan | 35 years | N/A |
Distribution
Smooth Hammerheads are found worldwide, primarily in temperate and tropical waters. Evidence shows that these sharks undertake seasonal migrations from the equator towards the poles during the warmer months.
Habitats
Smooth Hammerheads are predominantly found in marine waters, although they have occasionally been spotted in brackish water. They inhabit depths from the surface to over 100m deep and prefer a temperature range of 54°F to 75°F.
When and Where to See
The Smooth Hammerhead displays seasonal patterns. In warmer months, they migrate from equatorial regions towards the poles. Hence, they are more visible during this period. They are most active at dusk and dawn.
Best Fishing Locations
- Off the coast of South Africa
- Gulf of California, Mexico
- Nova Scotia, Canada
- New Zealand waters
- Australia’s east coast
- Bahamas
- Hawaii, USA
- Costa Rica
- Maldives
- Canary Islands, Spain
General Tips
Look for areas with plenty of baitfish, as Smooth Hammerheads are known to follow these fish.
How to Catch
Natural bait such as mackerel, sardines or anchovies are very effective for Smooth Hammerheads. They can be caught using trolling or surface fishing techniques. As they are most active at dusk and dawn, these are the best times to fish for them.
Identification Guide
Smooth Hammerheads are distinguished by their hammer-shaped heads, which lack an indentation in the middle, unlike some other species of hammerhead sharks. They are usually grey or olive green with a paler belly.
Culinary
Smooth Hammerhead meat has been reported as having a moderate, savory taste and a firm texture. The meat however contains high levels of methyl-mercury and should be consumed in moderation.
Additional Information
Behavior
Smooth Hammerheads are predators and feed on squid, octopus, and a variety of fish species. They also display a unique behavior called ‘schooling’ where hundreds or even thousands of sharks come together forming a mass.
Predators and Threats
The major threat to Smooth Hammerheads is overfishing for their fins and meat. They are also accidentally caught in fishing nets causing unintended casualties.
Cultural/Historical Significance
In certain cultures, Smooth Hammerheads are regarded as guardian spirits, signs of power, or symbols of courage.
References and Further Reading
- Kabasakal, H. (2012). Sphyrna zygaena. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2005.[[link]
- Compagno, L.J.V. (2001) Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1, Vol. 2. Rome, FAO. 269 p.